RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

  Conception on determination of macrostreams of carbon in forests of Russian Federation is grounded. Principles of calculations of supplies of carbon in phytomass and soils, on the materials of the State Forests Account, the experimental information on phytomass, productivity, and "annual falling away" during natural thinning out of planting), are fixed in its basis. The method allows to estimate the values of the sequestrum CO2 - C by the forests of Russia for description of the biosphere role of the boreal forests. Knowledge of carbon budget in forests of Russia and methods of its regulation is necessary for the implementation of international obligations of Russia, under limitation of the discharge of a hotbed gases, and forming of market of rights to the carbon credit. The methods of estimation of pools of carbon in the forests and of sizes of its annual depositing by forest vegetation, of scales of emissions of carbon from the forest fires, are developed. Estimations of carbon potential of the boreal forests of Russia, taking into account realisation of large scale projects on the forest renewal and forest cultivation, are got. The method of long-term prognostications of dynamics of supplies of carbon in the forests and amounts of its depositing by the forest vegetation at different strategies of forest management, is offered. .

  It is set that by the main factor of reduction of boidiversity of forests, there is violation of the naturally-conditioned different-scaled mosaic of the forest cover. Measures on renewal of boidiversity of forest ecosystem: forming of the different-age mosaic of windows of renewal by conducting of group-selective fellings and care fellings, creation of the mixed forest cultures, renewal of populations of the rare types of plants, are offered. The population criteria of choice of especially guarded natural territories and recommendation on renewal of vegetation for the forest vegetable areas, are developed. The books of «Estimation and saving of boidiversity of forest cover in the preserves of European Russia»,2000, «Successional processes in the preserves of Russia and problems of saving of the biological diversity»,1999, are published. Methodology of systems analysis of natural habitats of types of plants and associations of the boreal forests, allowing to expose the factors of their spatial distribution on macrogeographical, landscape, and local levels, is developed. The method of construction of maps of natural habitats, and the attended analysis of climatic and landscape descriptions, with the use of GIS-technologies, is offered. For determination of the technogenic loading on the forest territories, there is developed a mathematical model of «dose-effect of dependence», which forecasts the state of forest ecosystems at a different degree of industrial influences. The model is adapted for the regions of the Kol'sky peninsula and of South Ural.

Monitoring of forests with the use of aerospace methods and GIS-technologies.

  For monitoring of forests, the methodology and method of analysis and processing of data, got from the space vehicles of type «Resource-01», is developed. The composition of measured on space pictures indexes, characterising the ecosystem diversity of forests and disturbance of forests under influence of the anthropogenic and natural factors, is based. Possibility of the use of values of vegetation index, expected on the basis of information of space radiometer, for stratification and estimation of productivity of lands of the forest fund of Northeast of country, is set, and the maps of the fenological districts of Russia are made. For informative support of acceptance of decisions, at the Federal level of management of the system of protection of forests, the geoinformational system of monitoring of forest fires, is developed. GYS provides collection, storage, attended treatment, and distribution of the spatially-co-ordinated information on burn ability of forests, terms of origin, and development, of forest fires, level of their influence on the environment, got on basis of the ground, air, and space facilities and methods of supervision at the forest fires and weather conditions. Developed and approved methods and algorithms of detection, and map drawing, of the active forest fires and cinders, with the use of data of satellites of the NOAA, and Spot Vegetation, series. Within the framework of the geoinformational system of monitoring of forest fires of the Federal level, it passes of installation and check-out phase of the programmatic, providing for drawing a map of active fires. It last allows to form of the daily fire products, including hearths of burning, gone by a fire areas of forest fund, fullness with smoke of a territory and ordinary cover in the regions of active fires. Testing of algorithms is executed on the space images of forest fires, acting on territory of Far East in 1998-1999.
The long-term dynamics of areas of hearths of insects-phyllophages on the regions is studied, the methods of adaptive prognostication of these processes are developed. Analysis of structure and scopes of flashes of mass reproduction of insects-phyllophages allowed to expose conformities to the law of gradation processes, typical for a specie on the whole, and to set the features of dynamics of population, allowing to develop different, including prognosis, models.